Mangla Dam Raising: Effectiveness of Seepage Reduction Measures for Sukian Dyke

Abstract

Mangla Dam (Pakistan) is one of the largest Earth Core Rock fill Dam (ECRD) in the world in terms of volume of material used. The Sukian dyke of Mangla Dam Project is 5.33 km (17,500 ft.) in length and is founded on alternate beds of clay and weak (friable) sandstone. Raising of the dam subjected the project area including the dyke to an additional head of about 12.19m (40 ft.) in 2013. Before raising, the maximum seepage in the entire project was observed in the Sukian dyke area. An upstream blanket was selected to control seepage in this area after dam raising. FEM analyses were carried out to determine the efficiency of the upstream blanket in controlling seepage. After raising and impoundment, the FEM results were compared with instrumentation readings and seepage measurements and close agreement was observed.